Cottonwoods

The cottonwood (Populus deltoids) is often the only native tree found in areas of the southwestern United States. The species is large, fast-growing, and can live to 100 years. Cottonwoods are generally present at elevations between 3,500 and 6,500 feet (1,000 to 2,000 m). Cottonwood forests can be important elements of riparian ecosystems and cultural landscapes, providing shelter, timber, firewood, forage, and wildlife habitat. Cottonwoods are often present in areas with moist soil on floodplains, small sandbars, riverbanks, and large bends where streamflow is restricted. Cottonwoods are increasingly displaced by salt cedar or tamarisk (Tamarix ramosissima) and Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia), invasive species that consume more water than the native cottonwood. Birds are particularly impacted by this habitat loss.